Unravelling tectonic coupling and loading along the Sunda margin through 3-D regional numerical modelling

The balance between the driving and resisting forces of the subduction controls the coupling between the subducting and upper plate. Along the margin, the same coupling sets the context for the tectonic deformation in the long term and the occurrence of great earthquakes in the short term. This thesis aims to investigate the tectonic coupling and loading along the Sunda subduction margin due to the balance between slab buoyancy force, ridge push, mantle flow and friction between the surface plates. A set of novel 3D regional-scale numerical models are developed to address the dynamics of the subduction system. The findings of this research have implications for understanding the generation and propagation of stresses along the margin, which manifests through the outset of the largest earthquakes in history.