Understanding the dynamics of droplet size evolution when stabilised by cellulose-nanocrystals during an ultrasound-assisted emulsification process via modelling approaches

Today, the use of green emulsifiers such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are gaining popularity among scientists due to their enhanced emulsion stability and sustainable attributes. However, the significant energy requirement for formation and non-uniformity in size of these particles cause difficulties in industrial acceptance of these emulsifiers. In this work, two mathematical approaches that focus on emulsion droplet size evolution were presented to study an ultrasound-assisted formation of CNC-stabilised emulsions. Firstly, the transient scaling law allowed an easy assessment of performance of emulsification system. Finally, the adsorption-based-population balance model unravelled the importance of having differently-sized CNC for long-term emulsion stabilisation.