Understanding and preventing agglomeration during filter drying

The agitated filter dryer is one of the most popular dryers used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, the advantages of a filter dryer are often offset by the susceptibility of powder to undergo undesired agglomeration during the process. Consequently, the formation of agglomerates may lead to extended drying time, variation in physical properties and product degradation. This thesis addresses the recurring agglomeration issues faced in the agitated drying of powders in many industries due to the lack of understanding on the different agglomeration mechanisms that may arise for different powder types.