Translators at a crossroads: Working into and out of the first language

This study aims to provide a new understanding of the ways translators negotiate directionality when working with various language pairs, and into and out of their first language. The central findings suggest that translators negotiate directionality in three inter-related ways: (1) shifting from rigidity to flexibility in translation directionality; (2) managing the ethical dilemmas of directionality; and (3) approaching directionality holistically.