The Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Tissue Cross-Talk in Health and Disease

In this thesis, we explored the protective effects of exercise against obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Exercise enhances cognition in mice fed a high-fat diet. In AD mice, energy utilisation and cognition were improved. Humans and mice release extracellular vesicles (EVs) during exercise. In a NASH mouse model, exercise improved sugar processing, alleviated liver stress, and promoted healthy fat storage. When EVs from exercising mice were transferred to NASH mice, similar benefits were observed. Finally, acute human exercise can modify EV proteins, potentially influencing diseases such as cancer.