The Chinese Sub-national Governments (SNGs) in China-ASEAN Economic Cooperation: The Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR)

Utilising historical institutionalist (HI) theory as a theoretical method, this study tackles the puzzle of how Guangxi (China’s sub-national actor), given its disinterest and lack of capability for China-ASEAN economic cooperation prior to 2003, succeed in becoming a fast-tracked frontline actor within 21 months and go on to develop its influence within such bilateral cooperation. Overall, this study finds that the overarching institution established by formal rules within China’s domestic policy-making structure and the Guangxi leadership’s practice of building a functional coalition with Beijing, were what institutionalised Guangxi’s fast-tracked participation and cementing of its independent influence in China-ASEAN economic cooperation.