Coal is one of the biggest commercial fuel all over the world. Fly ash, a coal combustion by-product, is consequently produced. This project is focused on the synthesis of Fe- and Mg-based nanomaterials from Victorian brown coal fly ash and the applications to water remediation and water gas shift reaction. Additionally, this research is expected to address the global environmental challenge facing the industrial solid waste: how to utilize the coal fly ash waste in a value-added strategy, which is a pivotal trend in sustainable development.