Suffering and Spirituality: Cognition and Emotion across Three Religious Communities of a Hunter Gatherer Tribe in Malaysia

This thesis examines the cognition and emotion of suffering experiences among the Temiar, an indigenous hunter-gatherer tribe in Peninsular Malaysia among which there are three primary religious communities (Traditional, Christian, and Muslim). The identification of concrete-perceptual mentalities oriented toward external resources emphasizes the importance of their land, community, spirituality, and traditions toward their mental wellbeing.