Sex-specific differences of glucose-lowering therapies in the diabetic heart

Despite known sex differences in diabetes and heart disease, men and women are treated the same way for these conditions. Recently, diabetes treatments have demonstrated the ability to reduce adverse cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in patients both with and without diabetes. This thesis demonstrates that diabetes treatments exert sex-specific effects on adverse events in patients with diabetes and target different molecular pathways in the heart and kidneys. It also highlights the importance of investigating sex differences in the progression of heart disease across the sexes to better determine what treatment options may be the most effective for men and women.