Aluminium alloys are important for today's and future life. A new aluminium alloy is generally developed by iterative optimization of elemental additions, which is expensive and time-consuming. The thesis has attempted to develop a much deeper understanding of selected elemental additions in aluminium alloys. Based on state-of-the-art techniques, the thesis uncovers new factors controlling the response of a typical aluminium alloy upon elemental additions. The findings suggest new design guidance for aluminium alloys, which will help promote the development of next-generation aluminium alloys.