Paramedicine in a Pandemic: Re-Shaping Pathways for Primary Care Patients

This thesis examines the underutilised practice of paramedic-to-GP referral in Victoria, Australia, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixture of methods, including a large retrospective cohort study, time series analysis, document review, and surveys, it explores referral frequency, outcomes, and policy gaps. Findings highlight inconsistencies in clinical guidelines and missed opportunities to expand referral pathways. While patient outcomes were generally positive, gaps in policy clarity, implementation, and evaluation remain. A pragmatist approach ensured real-world relevance, and collaboration with a jurisdictional ambulance service strengthened the study’s impact on prehospital care and policy.