PCR techniques with miniature samples

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a well-known technology that is widely used in the fields of molecular biology, medical, life sciences, and forensics for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) amplification and copying. PCR involves undertaking thermal cycling steps (denaturing, annealing and extension) in a precise manner. PCR techniques can be classified as either space or time domain. Capillary tube PCR was adopted as a space domain approach in this thesis in an attempt to overcome the majority of issues existing in PCR instrumentation.