Numerical Investigations into the Aerodynamics of Freight Trains

This work provides insight into the aerodynamic flow around a freight train, and by doing so identifies opportunities for drag reduction. It provides guidelines for industry to develop an accurate numerical model of a freight train with any local loading configuration. Additionally, it investigates the influences of loading configuration and cross-wind on the flow structures around, and the aerodynamic forces on, a section of a freight train. Furthermore, it investigates the change in the drag on a loaded wagon with respect to its position along the length of a train through modelling a very long section of a freight train.