Metabolic and musculoskeletal health in overweight and obese older adults

Metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes are increasing parallel to ageing and obesity and they have adverse effects on musculoskeletal health. This thesis demonstrated that poor metabolic health is associated with lower muscle and bone quality, concurrent exercise reduces bone loss due to diet-induced weight loss, and vitamin D supplementation enhances exercise-related improvements in body composition, in overweight and obese older adults. These findings suggest comprehensive musculoskeletal assessments are required in the clinical setting and exercise and dietary interventions are likely key for preventing and managing risk factors for falls and fractures in this growing population.