Masculinities in Indonesian Literature: The Changing Representations of Men in Indonesian Literature from 1920 to 1949

This research reveals that there were changing representations of men in canonical Indonesian literary works from 1920 to 1949 in response to the changes in the society. This thesis uses a close reading methodology in its examination on the representations of men in the selected texts. The conceptual framework uses Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity along with Demetriou’s hegemonic masculinity bloc. A Foucauldian approach is used to examine the discursive narrative of the selected texts to trace the struggles on the subject and power in the Indonesian native males’ writings from the way they express themselves, others and the world.