Low-temperature nickel oxide hole-transporting layers for perovskite solar cells

This thesis is focussed on low-temperature NiO hole transporting layers for perovskite solar cells. The overarching aims of this work focus on facile synthetic approaches that improve the performance of this inorganic HTL, without the need of high-temperature NiO film annealing. This is achieved by first, understanding of the NiO properties, key limitations, and available processing/synthetic approaches. Subsequently, selected NiO synthesis methods, and their resulting products are compared, to find the best candidates for printed NiO HTLs. The subsequent chapters, focus on the NiO modifications that improve the PSC performance.