High Strength Grouted Cold-formed Steel Sleeve Intermodule Connection for Concrete Modular Buildings

Modern construction is shifting from 2D panels to 3D modules, especially for high-rise buildings using reinforced concrete. These structures need less maintenance and have easier on-site connections compared to steel. Existing connections are often complicated and cause delays. Grouted Sleeve Connections (GSCs) are typically used, but cylindrical GSCs don't work well for thin walls. This research introduces a simpler rectangular grouted sleeve connector, which is easier to use and requires fewer workers. We tested its performance under different loads using real-world experiments and computer simulations, aiming to create simple guidelines for future use.