Graphene supplemented microbubble flotation for heavy crude oil removal from contaminated sand

Microbubble flotation is a method of heavy crude oil removal from contaminated sand. In this method, microbubbles are generated and pump through contmainated soil, submerged in water, to detach oil from sand and float it to the surface for removal. This experiment investigates the usage of graphene nano particles to attach to microbubbles and enhance the oil-sand separation and flotation. The effects on oil recovery efficiency in terms of graphene concentration, temperature, and pH levels were studied to determine the optimum conditions for graphene supplemented microbubble flotation.