This thesis empirically investigates the determinants and consequences of injuries from an economic perspective. Using three nationally-representative longitudinal datasets from Australia and the United States, and rigorous econometric techniques, two types of injuries are examined: (1) childhood injury - one of the most significant early-life health problems; and (2) workplace injury - a continuing concern in global industrial relations. The thesis examines a number of aspects of childhood injury, including its parental socioeconomic determinants, and its effects on schooling and cognitive outcomes. With regard to workplace injury, the thesis examines its effects on future labour force participation, performance, and satisfaction.