Cost-effectiveness Analysis (CEA) for the Early Initiation of Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients in Malaysia Using a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) Model

This thesis examines how new methods in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) modelling by using the discrete event simulation (DES) model can be used to evaluate whether early insulin initiation in patients with T2DM is more cost-effective compared to later initiation of insulin from the perspective of the Ministry of Health in Malaysia. The results show that DES based modelling is suitable to model T2DM and further research should be continued to establish this. The findings also provide evidence that initiating insulin 5 years after diagnosis of T2DM is dominant compared to initiating insulin later at 6 years after diagnosis of T2DM.