Chipless RFID sensing for Internet of Packaging (IoP)

The thesis focuses on the use of novel chipless RFID sensor for relative humidity, pH, temperature and temperature-time profile indication as a mainstream assistive technology for IoP applications in the emerging Industry 4.0. The main segments of this research comprise chipless RFID tag design/optimisation, material characterisation in microwave frequencies, chipless RFID sensor design, and fabrication using various additive manufacturing techniques. This research also investigates the commercial aspects of chipless RFID sensors and uses machine learning for efficient sensor readings in real-time. The findings of this research will benefit the food packaging industry significantly as custom-made wireless, low-cost food freshness indicators. These research recommendations equally benefit the pharmaceutical industry, vaccine management and smart cities.