Cardiorenal outcomes of the recently approved antidiabetic drugs in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysia: Clinical and economic evaluation

This thesis aimed to explore the clinical and economic evidence of initiating new glucose-lowering therapies in Malaysia. Both sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) were found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal endpoints in a systematic review. However, no significant difference in the cardiovascular and renal outcomes among SGLT2i and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) was found in a local retrospective study. SGLT2i was identified as the most cost-effective glucose-lowering treatment as an add-on to standard care over the T2D patient’s lifetime. The findings will informing decisions for diabetes management by clinicians, decision-makers and the public.