Behaviour of Tunnels in Soft Soil under both Static and Seismic Conditions

A response of tunnel in soft soil under combined static and seismic loading conditions is influenced by: (a) tunnel geometry (embedment, shape and lining thickness); (b) soil properties (shear wave velocity and shear modulus); (c) soil-structure interaction properties; and (d) input ground motion characteristics (amplitude, frequency and duration). The present study investigates the effects of these parameters on the response of tunnel in soft soil. Additionally, it describes the development of seismic vulnerability assessment methodology and fragility curves for tunnel in soft soil. The outcomes of the study enhance the framework of the designing of tunnels in practical applications.