Australian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: A Moist Static Energy Budget Perspective

The Australian Summer Monsoon (ASM) brings rain to Northern Australia from October to April. Despite improved understanding, predicting the ASM's future remains uncertain. Our study evaluates climate models using moisture and energy budgets, revealing that effective precipitation simulations don't always align with moisture and energy transport. The ASM experiences wet and dry phases known as bursts and breaks. While the mechanisms are not fully understood, energy budgets underscore the role of large-scale circulation in burst evolution, revealing different burst types. Discrepancies in reproducing bursts are observed when comparing climate models in both present and future climates.