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保护自己 远离鼠疫
1 什么是鼠疫？
鼠疫是由鼠疫菌引起的一种传染性强、传染速度快、病死率高的烈性传染病，曾被称为黑死病，是《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的甲类传染病。
2 哪些动物可以感染鼠疫？
1、以鼠类、旱獭等为常见。2、其它动物，例如狐狸、狼、猞猁、鼬、黄羊、岩羊、马、鹿、犬、猫、藏系绵羊等也可以感染鼠疫。
3 鼠疫是怎么传染给人的？
通过感染鼠疫的跳蚤叮咬传播；
通过猎捕、宰杀、剥皮及食肉等方式直接接触染疫动物而感染；
通过肺鼠疫患者或动物的飞沫传染。
按感染途径，鼠疫分为：腺鼠疫、肺鼠疫和败血性鼠疫。
4 如果感染了鼠疫，后果会怎么样？
感染鼠疫后，一般1~6天内发病。全身症状主要表现为恶寒战栗，体温突然升高及维持在39~40℃，达数天或数周。头痛剧烈，有时出现呕吐、头晕、呼吸急促，很快陷入极度虚弱状态。心动过速，血压下降，血常规检测白细胞计数增高。
重症患者表现为意识模糊，昏睡，狂躁不安，谵语，颜面潮红或苍白，有重病感和恐怖不安，眼睑结膜球结膜充血，即出现所谓的“鼠疫颜貌”。
各型鼠疫患者如果不及时治疗均会引起死亡，尤其是肺鼠疫和败血性鼠疫，病死率几乎为100%。
5 保护自己远离鼠疫
市民朋友们要远离鼠疫，保护自己，进入鼠疫疫情活跃地区，要做到：
不私自捕猎染疫动物、不剥食疫源动物、不私自携带疫源动物及产品出疫区。
防虫防蚤，防止节肢动物叮咬。
远离旱獭洞穴，不要在鼠或旱獭的洞口周围坐卧停留。
在居住地周围和衣物上可以喷洒蚊虫趋避剂。
外出野营、打猎、伐木个人作业时要注意束紧裤管，减少暴露，必要时使用趋避剂。
一旦遇到病死鼠（旱獭等病死动物）、疑似鼠疫患者、不明原因高热和急死患者要尽快向当地疾病预防控制中心报告。
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Protect yourself from the plague
1 What is the plague?
Plague is a severe infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, which is highly infectious, fast infecting and has a high fatality rate. Once known as the Black Death, it is a Class A infectious disease stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases.
2 Which animals can be infected with the plague?
1. Rats, marmots, etc. are common. 2. Other animals, such as foxes, wolves, lynxes, ferrets, yellow sheep, blue sheep, horses, deer, dogs, cats, Tibetan sheep, etc., can also be infected with plague.
3 How is the plague transmitted to humans?
Spread by the bite of a plague-infected flea;
Infected by direct contact with infected animals through hunting, slaughtering, skinning and meat-eating;
Transmission by droplets from patients with pneumonic plague or animals.
According to the route of infection, the plague is divided into: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and septicemic plague.
4 What happens if you are infected with the plague?
After being infected with the plague, the disease usually occurs within 1 to 6 days. Systemic symptoms are mainly chills and tremors, and the body temperature suddenly rises and maintains at 39-40°C for several days or weeks. Severe headache, sometimes vomiting, dizziness, shortness of breath, and very quickly into a state of extreme weakness. Tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, and increased white blood cell count on routine blood tests.
Severely ill patients manifested as confusion, lethargy, mania, delirium, flushing or pale face, a sense of serious illness and fear, and hyperemia of the eyelid, conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva, which is the so-called "plague appearance".
All types of plague patients will die if they are not treated in time, especially pneumonic plague and septicemic plague, with a fatality rate of almost 100%.
5 Protect yourself from the plague
Citizens should stay away from the plague, protect themselves, and when entering areas with active plague epidemics, remember:
Do not hunt infected animals without permission, do not strip or eat the animals at the source of the disease, and do not carry the animals and products of the source of the disease out of the epidemic area without permission.
Prevent insect and flea, and prevent arthropod bites.
Stay away from marmot burrows and do not sit or lie down around rat or marmot burrows.
Mosquito repellents can be sprayed around residences and on clothing.
When going out for camping, hunting, and logging, pay attention to tightening the trousers to reduce exposure, and use repellents when necessary.
Once you encounter dead mice (sick and dead animals such as marmots), suspected plague patients, unexplained high fever and sudden death patients, you should report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention as soon as possible.
Compiled and printed by Guangzhou Hygiene and Health Propaganda and Education Center
WeChat public account of Guangzhou Hygiene and Health Propaganda and Education Center
