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6种夏季常见疾病及预防办法
夏季天气炎热，人们出汗多、胃口差，不适应高温天气，导致出现很多疾病，细菌性痢疾、热中风、热感冒等等都是夏季比较常见的疾病。那么，夏季该如何预防各类常见疾病呢？
一、中暑
夏季天气炎热，很容易引起中暑，这主要是因为人在高温环境中，体温调节失去平衡，肌体热量过度积蓄，水盐代谢紊乱造成。该病通常发生在夏季高温同时伴有高湿的天气下，中暑后轻则出现多汗、头昏、胸闷、心悸、恶心、呕吐等症状；严重的会出现昏厥或痉挛，威胁生命。
如何预防
夏季中暑的症状不明显，或者没留意，经常被忽视。因此，如果发现自己或他人有中暑表现时，应迅速离开高温环境，到阴凉通风的地方休息；多饮用淡盐水；还可以在额头涂抹清凉油、风油精等，或服用十滴水、藿香正气水等中药。如果出现血压降低、虚脱等症状，应立即去医院。
夏季出门，最好躲避上午10时至下午4时这个时间段，外出一定要做好防护工作，如打遮阳伞、戴遮阳帽、戴太阳镜，准备充足的水和饮料；随身携带一些防暑降温药品，如十滴水、风油精等；衣服也尽量选用棉、麻、丝类等织物，少穿化纤品类衣服，以免大量出汗时不能及时散热，引起中暑。
二、细菌性痢疾
肠道疾病是夏季的高发病，而细菌性痢疾是最常见的肠道传染病之一。据专家介绍，细菌性痢疾是由痢疾杆菌引起的一种急性肠道传染病。主要临床表现为腹痛、腹泻、里急后重，脓血样大便，部分病例可出现发热等症状，症状严重的可出现高热并伴有感染性休克症状，有时出现脑水肿和呼吸衰竭。
它除了和天热人们喜欢吃生冷食品引起肠胃功能紊乱有关外，还与苍蝇繁殖活动有关。一般是通过饮用或食用被痢疾杆菌污染的水、食物传播，易发生食源性暴发，也可通过日常生活接触传播。
如何预防
预防细菌性痢疾要注意饮食卫生，不喝生水，不吃生冷变质的食物。制作食品时应生熟分开，已经烹调好的食品，不要再放回盛过生食品的碗内。餐具、食物等要做好洗涤消毒工作。另外，要少吃油腻、多吃清淡食物，不要吃隔夜菜，打开的水果，如西瓜尽量要一次吃完或用保鲜膜将其封好后，再放到冰箱里保存，即使放到冰箱里，时间最好也别超24小时。
三、手足口病
除了细菌性痢疾，夏季还有一种高发于儿童的肠道传染病就是手足口病。手足口病多发于5岁以下儿童，症状表现为发热，手、足、口腔、臀部出现皮疹或者疱疹，少数患儿会并发肺炎、脑炎、心肌炎等，甚至导致死亡。除了可通过消化道传播外，患者说话、打喷嚏、咳嗽等都可以传播该病。另外集体生活中使用共用的玩具、餐具、密切接触都可能造成疾病传播。5-7月份是手足口病的高发期。
如何预防
在手足口病高发期间，家长要尽量减少带儿童去人口密集的公共场所；护理、接触儿童前，注意洗净双手；儿童的衣被要勤晾晒；注意室内空气流通；婴儿的奶瓶使用前后要洗净消毒；不喝生水、不吃生冷食物。如果出现手足口病例，患儿使用过的玩具物品要进行清洗消毒，防止感染他人。
Six common diseases in summer and how to prevent them.
The weather in summer is hot. People sweat a lot, have a poor appetite, and are not used to high-temperature weather, which leads to many diseases such as bacterial bacillary dysentery, heat stroke, and the wind-heat type of the common cold. So, how to prevent various kinds of common diseases in the summer?
1. Heatstroke
The hot weather in summer can easily cause heatstroke. This is mainly because when people are in a high-temperature environment, the body temperature regulation is out of balance, the body heat is excessively accumulated, and the water and salt metabolism is disordered. The disease usually occurs in summer with high temperature and high humidity. Symptoms such as sweating, dizziness, chest tightness, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting may occur in mild cases after heatstroke; in severe cases, fainting or convulsions may occur, which are life-threatening.
How to prevent
The symptoms of heat stroke in summer are not obvious and are often ignored. Therefore, if you find that you or others have symptoms of heat stroke, you should quickly leave the high-temperature environment and rest in a cool, ventilated place; drink salt water; and you can also apply cooling ointment or essential balm. Chinese medicine such as Ten Drops of Water or Huoxiang Zhengqi Liquid. If symptoms such as low blood pressure and exhaustion occur, you should go to the hospital immediately.
It is best to avoid going out from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. When going out, you must take protective measures, such as wearing parasols, sun hats, and sunglasses, and prepare plenty of water and drinks; take some heatstroke prevention and cooling medicines with you, such as Ten Drops of Water and essential oils, You should wear clothes made of cotton, linen, silk, and other fabrics as much as possible and avoid wearing textiles made of synthetic fibres, which cannot dissipate heat in time when sweating, causing heat stroke.
2. Bacillary dysentery
The intestinal disease is a high incidence in summer, and bacillary dysentery is one of the most common intestinal infectious diseases. According to experts, bacillary dysentery is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Shigella. The main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, pus and blood-like stools, fever and other symptoms in some cases, high fever accompanied by septic shock symptoms in severe cases, and sometimes cerebral edema and respiratory failure.
In addition to being related to gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by people who like to eat raw and cold food in hot weather, it is also associated with the breeding activities of flies. Generally, it is transmitted by drinking or eating water and food contaminated by Shigella; food-borne outbreaks are prone to occur and can also be transmitted through daily contact.
How to prevent
To prevent bacillary dysentery, you should pay attention to food hygiene, not drink unboiled water, and not eat raw or cold food that has deteriorated. Raw and cooked food should be separated, and cooked food should not be put back into the bowl containing raw food. Tableware and food must be cleaned and disinfected. In addition, eat less greasy food, and do not eat overnight vegetables or fruits that have been cut open. Consider watermelon: try to consume it all at once or wrap it and place it in the refrigerator. Even if you put the rest in the fridge, it is best not to eat them exceed 24 hours.
3. Hand, foot and mouth disease
Another infectious intestinal disease that frequently occurs in children in summer is hand, foot, and mouth disease. HFMD occurs primarily in children under the age of 5. Symptoms include fever, rashes or herpes on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. A small number of children may develop pneumonia, encephalitis, myocarditis, and other life-threatening conditions. The disease can spread not only through the digestive system but also through talking, sneezing, and coughing. In addition, sharing toys, tableware, and close contact may also cause disease transmission. May to July is the high-incidence period for hand, foot, and mouth disease.
How to prevent
During the high incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease, parents should try to avoid taking their children to densely populated public places; before nursing and touching children, pay attention to washing hands; children's clothes and quilts should be dried frequently; pay attention to indoor air circulation; Baby's bottle should be cleaned and disinfected before and after use; do not drink raw water, and do not eat raw or cold food. If there is a case of hand, foot and mouth, the toys and objects used by the child should be cleaned and disinfected to prevent infection to others.
