McGuire, Linda Service charters - global convergence or national divergence? A comparison of initiatives in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States This paper examines the transfer of NPM strategies by comparing service charter initiatives in the United Kingdom (UK), United States (US) and Australia. These three countries, together with Canada and New Zealand, are part of what has been described as the "core" New Public Management (NPM) policy community (Common 1998). Service Charters are a NPM strategy intended to change the culture of public service delivery to focus on the needs of the users, identified as 'clients' or 'customers'. The objectives are to make service providers more responsive to users by guaranteeing specific standards for service delivery, providing a substitute for competition and a benchmark for measuring service quality. The first section examines the historical and political context of the development of the Citizen's Charter and Service First programs in the UK, Customer Service Plans in the US and Government Service Charters in Australia. The second section of the paper explores the similarities and differences between these charter initiatives based on analysis of public documents. There is evidence of convergence at the ideological level as managerial values underpin the service charter frameworks in all three jurisdictions (Walsh 1994; Pollitt 1995; Kettl 1997). Despite drawing from a similar toolkit influenced by private sector techniques, significant differences between the country contexts have resulted in divergent strategies. Timing in the three countries examined suggests that national politics rather than global policy convergence is more significant in explaining the development of service charters. This case study provides evidence of policy transfer rather than policy convergence (Common 1998). The final section of the paper considers the limitations of the customer service model. Monitori ng quality is central to the programs in all three countries. Performance monitoring is essentially a quantitative methodology that requires criteria and indicators for measuring the quality of service delivery and program outcomes. Two problems are considered. The first is the difficulty of specifying and measuring service quality. The second problem is that quality indicators derived from services marketing and management research do not take into account the characteristics of public services. 2 2000;monash:62794;1959.1/468623 2017-06-05
    https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/journal_contribution/Service_charters_-_global_convergence_or_national_divergence_A_comparison_of_initiatives_in_Australia_the_United_Kingdom_and_the_United_States/5072560
10.4225/03/5934bb647ec6b